Which of the following are common signs of respiratory distress?

Increased respiratory rate, use of accessory muscles, cyanosis, and altered mental status are indeed common signs of respiratory distress. Each of these indicators reflects the body's response to inadequate oxygenation or increased work of breathing.

An increased respiratory rate, or tachypnea, often indicates that the body is attempting to compensate for low oxygen levels or elevated carbon dioxide levels. The use of accessory muscles, such as those in the neck and abdomen, signifies that the patient is struggling to breathe effectively, necessitating the engagement of additional muscle power beyond the diaphragm.

Cyanosis, characterized by a bluish discoloration of the skin, especially in the lips and extremities, indicates that the body is not receiving sufficient oxygen, as it occurs due to deoxygenated hemoglobin in the bloodstream. Altered mental status, which may include confusion, restlessness, or lethargy, indicates that the brain is being affected by reduced oxygen levels, highlighting the critical need for immediate assessment and potential intervention.

Understanding these signs helps healthcare professionals recognize respiratory distress early and respond promptly, potentially preventing further complications.