What is the primary cause of pulmonary embolism?

The primary cause of pulmonary embolism is deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This condition occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, often in the legs, and then dislodges, traveling through the bloodstream to the lungs where it can block pulmonary arteries. The significant relationship between DVT and pulmonary embolism is crucial for understanding how these conditions are connected.

When a clot from the deep venous system travels to the lungs, it can cause serious complications, including impaired gas exchange and reduced blood flow. Recognizing DVT as a leading precursor to pulmonary embolism underlines the importance of effective prevention and management strategies, especially in at-risk patient populations, such as those with limited mobility or underlying hypercoagulable states.

Other conditions mentioned, such as pneumonia, cardiac arrest, and chronic bronchitis, do not lead to pulmonary embolism in the same direct manner as DVT does. While they can contribute to respiratory symptoms or complications, they do not involve the mechanism of thromboembolic obstruction that is specific to pulmonary embolism. Understanding this pathophysiological link helps guide interventions and patient education in nursing practice.