What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is indeed defined as a progressive lung disease characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. This condition primarily includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis, which lead to persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation due to the destruction of lung tissue and airway inflammation. The progressive nature of COPD means that the airflow limitation typically worsens over time, making it crucial for patients to receive appropriate management and interventions to slow the progression of the disease.

The focus on airflow limitation in COPD differentiates it from other respiratory conditions, such as acute infections of the lungs or conditions that may involve reversible airway obstruction. Those other conditions often manifest differently and are treated through different therapeutic approaches. COPD's primary cause is often related to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, particularly from smoking, rather than allergic reactions. This understanding is vital for effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease.